Although Rubiaceae are found on in every major region of the world except for continental Antarctica (which has only two species of vascular plants), diversity is highest in the humid tropics. The pattern of diversity in the family is very similar to the global distribution of plant diversity.[2]
The greatest number of species occur in Colombia, Venezuela and New Guinea. When adjusted for area, Venezuela was the most diverse, followed by Colombia and Cuba.[2] A large number of poorly studied species exist as understorey shrubs in Madagascar and are threatened with habitat destruction.[3]
The genera Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum are epiphytes that have mutualistic relationships with ants.
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